Qur’an and Social Sciences

Qur’an and Social Sciences

Structure of Political Participation Terms and Levels in The Qur'an

Document Type : Original Article

Author
ali aqajani
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Research Institute and University, Qom, Iran
10.22034/arq.2023.187988
Abstract
Although political participation in the Qur'an is less directly addressed, but it can be indirectly and implicitly inferred through a thematic interpretation based on some similar concepts and components. Therefore, the main research question is: What are the terms (units) and the levels of political participation in the Holy Qur’an? The research aimes to prove the fact that the Holy Qur’an has paid attention enough to all existing and possible units and contexts at the micro and macro levels in order to maximize political participation. Accordingly, what we call units “zhurouf” indicate the terms of political participation analysis, and these terms can be classified under the context of political terms into following: fi’ah (group), ta’ifah (sect), qabilah (tribe), qawm (nation), ahl al-qaryah, ahl al-medinah, ummah, faithful people and human society, among which the  faithful people, e.i. the expression of ‘O you who have believed’ is the most one to involve political participation.
Political participation levels can also be constructed in the three forms of political participation of the masses, the general public, elites, parties and groups. The holy Qur’an emphasizes maximum participation at all levels by taking into account the previous flexible criteria.The political participation of the masses is based on Qur’anic sermons, and the political participation of the elites takes two forms, individual and collective, and the individual form, with the exception of the prophets, is envisioned in the elite front of truth and falsehood.The collective form is also envisioned in positive and negative elite councils and groups.
The relevant verses show that the Qur’an considers political participation as the truth and reality. Among the features of Qur’anic political participation are the efficiency of the political system, regular access to it, balanced and proportional distribution of power, increase of trust between the government and the nation, and the realization of rights and transmission of political demands to the government.
Keywords
Political Participation Trems/Units
Political Participation Levels
Political-Thematic Interpretation of the Qur'an
Religious Democracy

Subjects

  1. The Holy Quran.

    1. Abdul Sattar, Fathullah, (1418 A.H.), Al-Madkhal fi al-Tafsir al-Mawdhou'i, 3rd edition, Cairo, Dar al-Islamiya publishing house.
    2. Abniki, Hasan, (1390), "Globalization and the Challenge of Political Participation in the Islamic Republic of Iran", Theoretical Policy Research (Political Science Research), New (10), 109-131.
    3. Agha Bakshi, Ali, (1375), Political Science Culture, Tehran, Iran Scientific Information and Documents Center.
    4. Alikhani, Ali-Akbar, (1377), Political Participation, Tehran, Safir.
    5. Al-Raghib al-Isfahani, Hussein bin Muhammad, (1404 AH), Al-Mufardat fi Gharib al-Qur'an, (n.p), (s.n).
    6. Amili, Ibrahim, (1360), Tafsir Amili, Tehran, Sadouq.
    7. Andalousi, Abu Hayyan Muhammad bin Yusuf, (1420 AH), Al-Bahr al-Muhait fi al-Tafsir, research: Sidqi Muhammad Jamil, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr.
    8. Baidawi, Abdullah bin Omar, (1418 AH), Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Taawil, research: Muhammad Abdurrahman al-Marashli, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
    9. Balaghi, Seyed Abdul Hojat, (1386 AH), Hujjat al-Tafasir wa Balagh al-Iksir, Qom, Hikmat.
    10. Esposito,john, (1987),islam and poliotics,syracuse university press,second.
    11. Fazlullah, Seyid Muhammad Husein, (1419 AH), Min Wahy Al-Qur'an, Beirut, Dar al-Malak.
    12. Firhi, Daoud, (1377), "The Concept of Political Participation", Political Science Quarterly, Year. 1, No. 1, pp. 36 - 70.
    13. Ghazizadeh, Kazem, (1386), Politics and Government in the Qur'an, 3rd edition, Tehran, Islamic Culture and Thought Research Institute.
    14. Hakim, Seyid Muhammad Baqir, (1378), Quranic Sciences, translated by Mohammad Lesani Fesharaki, Tehran, Tibyan.
    15. Hulousi, Mohammad Hossein, (1395), Political Participation Index in the Model of Islamic Progress, Qom, Imam Khomeini Research Institute.
    16. Ibn Ashour, Muhammad Ibn Tahir, (n.d.), Al-Tahrir wa Al-Tanwir, Cairo: (s.n.).
    17. Ibn Sina, Husein bin Abdullah, (1364), Al-Najat, by the efforts of Muhammad Taghi Daneshpajouh, Tehran, Mortazavi.
    18. Izdehi, Seyed Sajjad, (1396), Political Participation in Shia Political Jurisprudence, Tehran, Farhang and Andisheh Research Center Publications.
    19. Jalili, Seyed Hedayat, (1372), Methodology of Thematic Interpretations of the Qur'an, Tehran, Kavir Publications.
    20. Julius and Kolb, William; (1376), Culture of Social Sciences, Maziar Kia et al., Tehran: Maziar.
    21. Khatib al-Qazwini, Muhammad, (1405 AH/1985 AD), Al-Idhah fi Uloum al-Balagha, Beirut, (s.n.).
    22. Madarresi, Seyyed Mohammad Taqi, (1419 AH) Man Hoda al-Qur'an, Tehran, Dar Mohibbi al-Hussein.
    23. Makarem Shirazi, Nasir, (1386), Payam Quran, 9th edition, Tehran, Dar Al-Kutub al-Islamiya.
    24. Makarem Shirazi, Nasser, (1374), Tafir Nomooneh, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah.
    25. Marvian, Mahmoud, (1387), "Methodology of Thematic Interpretation from the Perspective of Ayatollah Ma'rifat in Quranic Knowledge: the Memorial of Ayatollah Muhammad Hadi Ma'rifat (RA)", under the supervision of the Qur'anic Research Group of the Research Institute: Nasiri, Ali; Tehran, Islamic Culture and Thought Research Institute Publishing Organization.
    26. Montazeri, Hossein Ali, (1408 A.H.), Studies in Wilayat al-Fiqih and Fiqh al-Dawlah al-Islamiyya, Qom, International Center for Islamic Studies and Dar al-Fikr.
    27. Mostafavi, Hasan, (1360), Al-Tahqiq fi Kalimat al-Qur'an, Tehran, Book Translation and Publishing Company.
    28. Musaffa, Nasrin, (1375), Women's Political Participation in Iran, Tehran, Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
    29. Najafi Khomeini, Mohammad Javad, (1398 AH), Tafsir Asan, Tehran, Islamia.
    30. Pai, Lucin, (1370), "Political Culture and Political Development", translated by Majid Mohammadi, Nameh Farhang, No. 5 and 6, Year 2. Autumn and winter, pp. 37 - 47.
    31. Qurashi, Seyyed Ali Akbar, (1371), Qamoos Qur'an, 6th edition, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah.
    32. Qurashi, Seyyed Ali Akbar, (1377) Tafsir Ahsan al-Hadith, Tehran, Be'that.
    33. Rahmani, Naser Ali, (1404 AH), Shia Political Jurisprudence Strategies for Expanding Political Participation, Qom, Al-Mustafa Publishing.
    34. Rush, Michael, (1383), Society and Politics, translated by Manouchehr Sabouri, Tehran, Samt.
    35. Sadiqi Tehrani, Muhammad, (1365), Al-Furqan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an bil-Qur'an, Qom, Islamic Culture Publications.
    36. Sadr, Seyid Muhammad Baqir, (1399 AH), Madrasa al-Qur'aniyah, Najaf: (s.n).
    37. Samarqandi, Nasr bin Muhammad bin Ahmad, (n.d.), Bahr al-Uloom, Cairo: Al-Azhar.
    38. Seyed Baqiri, Seyed Kazim, (1397), "Citizens' Right to Participation and Political Freedom with an Emphasis on the Holy Quran", Islamic Policy Research, Year. 6, No. 14, pp. 65-41.
    39. Sobhani, Jafar, (1427), Concepts of the Qur'an, Qom, Imam Sadiq (AS) Institute.
    40. Tabatabaei, Seyed Muhammad Hussein, (n.d.), Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Qom, Jamia al-Modarresin Publications.
    41. Taftazani, Masoud, (n.d.), Al-Mutawwal, Qom, Maktabah al-Davari.
    42. Tantawi, Seyid Muhammad, (n.d.), al-Tafsir al-Wasit lil-Qur'an al-Karim, Cairo: (s.n.).
    43. Tayyib, Seyid Abdul Husein, (1378), Atyab al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Tehran, Islam Publications.
    44. Turaihi, Fakhruddin, (1416 AH), Majma Al-Bahrain, research: Seyyed Ahmad Hosseini, Tehran, 3rd edition, Mortazavi bookstore.
    45. Yazdani, Hossein Ali, (1397), "Political Participation in the Islamic Utopia from the Perspective of the Qur'an and Hadiths", Journal of Islamic Studies and Political Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 16, pp. 73-48.

  • Receive Date 01 November 2023
  • Revise Date 27 November 2023
  • Accept Date 10 December 2023