Qur’an and Social Sciences

Qur’an and Social Sciences

Analysis of Human Relations in Surah al-Anfal based on the Theory of Istikhlaf

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
mohammad soltanieh 1
mohammadreza ghaeminik 1
mohammad rafigh 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Jamia Al-Mustafa Al-Alamiya University, Qom, Iran
10.22034/arq.2023.359330.1132
Abstract
The Qur'an has spoken about binding laws, which are expressed as "Sunan"
(traditions), which are called "Social Sunans" in the social sciences.
According to the social view of the Shahid al-Sadr, society is composed of
three elements: nature, man and the relationship between them, and this
relationship is what is expressed as istikhlaf (Representation of God) based
on the Quranic principles of the Shahid al-Sadr. The problem of this research
lies in understanding the type of human relationship with other human beings
based on the theory of istikhlaf in the relevant verses in Surah al-Anfal,
based on a descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of determining the
model of human communication and relations in human society based on the
theory of istikhlaf. According to the verses of Surah al-Anfal, this problem can
be divided into the communication at the micro level (family system) as well
as the communication at macro level.
The results of the research indicate the type of communication with the child
and the reconciliation of the relationship among people, as the best examples
of the family communication at the micro level; also, giving charity to
people, reconciling hearts, and creating peace, as the best examples of the
communication at the macro level. Man's relationship with other human beings
at the micro level or intra-family relationships as the smallest social unit,
should be based on the fact that a man's child and wife may be a means
of testing him, and the relationship of a man with them should be based on
istikhlaf (the merit of the wife and the child to accept the position of divine
caliphate) in actual form. Helping others and giving them charity, reconciling
hearts and creating peace are among the things that increase the level of
social solidarity of human communication with other people on a macro level.
All these relations must be based on the theory of istikhlaf and on the basis
of creating love for all human beings in order to prepare them to attain the
purpose of creation, which is to achieve the position of caliphate and representation
of God Almighty on earth.
Keywords
Man
Society
Social Traditions
Anfal
Istikhlaf
Al-Sadr
* The Holy Quran.
** Nahj al-Balagha.
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  • Receive Date 30 August 2022
  • Revise Date 09 May 2023
  • Accept Date 01 July 2023